Learning Objectives

1. Explain the role of biotransformation in toxicokinetics.
2. Describe how biotransformation facilitates elimination of toxicants.
3. Distinguish between Phase I and Phase II reactions.
4. Define bioactivation or toxication
5. Identify tissues and factors involved in biotransformation.
6. Summarize the role of elimination in toxicokinetics.
7. Describe processes occurring in the kidney, liver and lung related to the elimination of toxicants.

Advance Reading

1. Shibamoto, pp 35-47; pp 13-17
2. Hughes, pp 72-82
3. NLM Toxicology Tutor Biotransformation and Excretion

Suggested Reading

• The Liver and Liver Disease - American Liver Foundation

Keywords

1. Anabolism
2. Bioactivation
3. Biological half-life (t1/2)
4. Biotransformation
5. Catabolism
6. Conjugate
7. Conjugation reactions
8. Cytochrome p-450
9. Cytosolic enzymes
10. Detoxication
11. Enterohepatic loop
12. Fecal excretion
13. Glomerular filtration
14. Glucuronidation

15. Hydrolysis
16. Intestinal excretion
17. Ionized molecules
18. Metabolism
19. Microsomal enzymes
20. Nephrons
21. Oxidation
22. Phase I biotransformation
23. Phase II biotransformation
24. Reabsorption
25. Reduction
26. Secretion
27. Sulfate conjugation
28. Toxication