Learning Objectives

1. Define teratogenesis, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis.
2. Describe the relevance of replication, transcription, and translation to teratogenesis, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis.
3. Summarize the mechanism of action for teratogens, mutagens,  and carcinogens.
4. Discuss examples of known teratogens, mutagens, and carcinogens.

Advance Reading

1. Hughes, pp 107-122
2. NLM Toxicology Tutor, Cancer
3. Shibamoto, pp 25-27; pp 28-31

Suggested Reading

• American Cancer Society

Keywords

1. Agenesis
2. Ames assay
3. Aneuploidy
4. Anticodons
5. Atresia
6. Base analogues
7. Base substitution
8. Cancer
9. Carcinogenesis
10. Carcinogens
11. Cellular division
12. Centromere
13. Chromosome
14. Codon
15. Deoxyribonucleic acid (dna)
16. Developmental syndromes
17. Diploid
18. Division failures
19. Dysraphic anomalies
20. Ectopia
21. Embryogenesis
22. Embryolethality
23. Epigenetic
24. Fetal alcohol syndrome
25. Frameshift
26. Gene
27. Genetic code
28. Genotoxic
29. Germ cells
30. Haploid

31. Histogenesis
32. Hypoplasia
33. Initiation
34. Karyotype
35. Meiosis
36. Metaphase
37. Mitosis
38. Monosomy
39. Morphogenesis
40. Mutagenesis
41. Mutagens
42. Nucleic acids
43. Nucleotides
44. Oogenesis
45. Organogenesis
46. Point mutation
47. Polyploidy
48. Procarcinogen
49. Promotion
50. Purines
51. Pyrimidines
52. Replication
53. Ribonucleic acid
54. Somatic cells
55. Spermatogenesis
56. Teratogenesis
57. Teratogens
58. Teratology
59. Transcription
60. Translation
61. Trisomy