Learning Objectives

1. Define animal drug residues.
2. Explore the relationships between food animals and drugs.
3. Understand the major classes of drugs used in food animals.
4. Understand the hazards associated with food animal drug use and how risk assessment is used to determine tolerances.
5. Review the role of pharmacokinetics in the development of withdrawal times.
6. Review food animal drug testing results.
7. Understand the potential adverse effects of drugs that appears as residues in food animals.
8. Discuss the issue of development of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Advance Reading

• The Use of Drugs in Food Animals: Benefits and Risks, NAS (read executive summary and skim chapters of interest).

Suggested Reading

1. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals:
   Benefits and Risks, NAS (further reading)
2. Bad Bugs - No Drugs, Infectious Diseases Society of America

Keywords

1. Growth promoter
2. Antibiotic resistance
3. Ionophores
4. Antiparasite drugs
5. Withdrawal time
6. Residue avoidance practice
7. Animal drug residue tolerance
8. Extra-label drug use